Standard for learning technology

AS 1484.13.1-2020 pdf download.Standard for learning technology — Conceptual model for resource aggregation for learning, education, and training.
class: A categoiy of items that share one or more common characteristics. Characteristics can be described informally in a scope note or formally as properties explicitly formulated in logical terms. A class cannot be defined by enumerating its instanecs because it is generally impossible to know all instances of a class in the world, and the future can bring new instances into being at any time. See also: class instance; open world; scope note.
class extension: The set of all real-life instances belonging to a class that fulfill the criteria of the class’s intention. An extension is an open set in the sense that it is generally impossible to know all instances of a class. in an open world, new instances of a class may be created at any time. See also: class; intention; instance: open world,
class instance: An instantiation of a class. A class instance has properties that meet the criteria of the intention of the class. The number of instances of a given class declared in an information system is usually less than the total number of instances in the real world. For example, although an individual is an instance of “person,” the individual may not be mentioned in all information systems describing “persons.” See also: class; intention; property.
component: Any data attribute or data element as described by the data model of an aggregation format. See also: aggregation format; data attribute; data element..
data attribute: A characteristic of a unit of data, often expressed in Extensible Markup Language (XML).
data element: A uniquely named and defined component of the data model of an aggregation format into which data items (actual values) can be placed. See also: aggregation format; component.
digital resource: Any resource that can be expressed in an electronic format, such as binary formais. Extensible Markup Language (XML), plain text, various encodings (e.g.. baseM). media-specific formats, and compressed archives (e.g.. zip files),
NOTE—Mcdia.spccific formats include Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEGJ (ISO/IEC 10918-I) jB13J) and MPEG—I Audio Layer 3 IMP3I (ISO IEC 13818-3 [B14l).
domain: A constraint on a property that limits the class instances to which the property can be applied. Instances of a property are applicable to instances of its domain. For example. if property A has only the classes X and Y as a domain, then only instances of classes X and Y can have property A. See aLso: class; class instance; property; property instance; range.
identifier: Associates a name with a thing. Context defines how the name is interpreted. Within a given context, a name is unique.
inheritance: The ability of classes to derive characteristics from other classes and properties to derive characteristics from other properties. If characteristics are removed from a class or property, they are also removed from its subclasses or subproperties. Sec also: class: multiple inheritance: property; subclass;
mapping: An ontology of an aggregation format that relates the aggregation format’s classes and properties to the classes and properties of another ontology. See also: aggregation format.
multiple inheritance: The inheritance of characteristics by a class from more than one immediate superclass or by a property from more than one immediate superproperty. If multiple inheritance is used. the resulting class or property hierarchy isa directed graph. not a tree structure. If multiple inheritance in a class or property hierarchy is represented as an indented list, then some classes or properties will inevitably be repeated at different positions in the indented lisi. For example. “person” could be a member of both the classes “critic” and “author.” and, therefore, would be repeated at different positions in the indented list. This feature distinguishes an ontology from a simple tree structure. See also: class; Inheritance: properly:
superclass: superproperty
open world: An assumption that an ontology and its instances are incomplete with regard to the world they attempt to describe. As a consequence, the open-world assumption states that everything that is not known is undefined. In contrast, a closcd-world assumption implies that everything that is not known is fake
properly: A characteristic that defines a relationship of a specific kind between two classes or sets of classes. A property has exactly one domain and one range. Which classes are selected as the domain and which as the range is arbitrary. In other words, a property can be interpreted in both directions with two distinct but related interpretations. Property names arc designed to be semantically meaningful and grammatically correct when read from domain to range. Inverse property names are designed to be semantically meaningful and grammatically correct when read from range to domain. Properties can also be specialized in the same manner as classes, resulting in parent/child relationships between superpropcrtics and their subproperties. Like a class, a property is characterized by an intention, which is conveyed by a scope note. See also: class: domain: intention; range; scope note; subproperty; supcrpropcrts.
property instance: An instantiation of a property that defines the domain and range of a relationship between two classes or sets of classes. For example, class X may be “containcdl3y” another class Y. In this example. “containedBy” is the instantiation of property. The inverse property in this example would be “contains.” i.e., class Y “contains” class X. See also: class: domain: property; range.
range: The set of instances of a given class to which a property can be applied. For example, the range of property A might consist of those instances of class X and class Y that exhibit property A. A property can link only to instances of the classes that serve as its range. See also: class; class instance; domain; property.
representation: A method or syntax for serializing data. For example, ii can refer to the different serializations of a Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontology according to the Terse RDF Triple Language (Turtle) or Resource Description Framework/Extensible Markup Language (RDF/XML) syntaxes.
NOTE—For OWL see W3C Recommendation [1329); for Turtle, see W3(’ Team Submission (B35].AS 1484.13.1-2020 pdf download.Standard for learning technology